Former American slave Harriet Jacobs, in her 1861 book “Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl,” remarks: “It is a sad feeling to be afraid of one’s native country.” Jacobs is, with Frederick Douglass, one of the 19th century’s great voices of slave autobiography.

This powerfully shocking statement from a once-owned human being at least makes historical sense. Jacobs had good reason to fear her country and its violent hostility. But surely, in 2025, I myself shouldn’t have that “sad feeling”?

Rosemary Haskell is a professor of English at Elon University. She can be reached at haskell@elon.edu